• chemical acid agents, basic or toxic in general, came in contact with varied apparatus, in particular the respiratory, digestive and integumentary ones, and the repercussions on the nervous system;
• physical agents which radiation, of varied energy, in particular ultraviolet rays, X rays, gamma rays
• volatile substances of variable intrinsic toxicity, which once inhaled therefore can give consequences of varied type, these substances are first of all the fibers of asbestos that causes asbestosis, then the dust of coal rare event in present days.

Go back to the index

• collaborates with the employer and the service of prevention and protection of which the article 8, on the base of specific knowledge of organization of the company or rather of productivity unit and the situations of risk, to the predisposition of implementation of the measures for the protection of the health and the psycho-physical integrity of the workers;
• performs the sanitary ascertainments of which by Article 16 from the quoted Legislative Decree 626;
• expresses judgments of suitability to the specific job, by Article 16;
• establishes and updates, under his own responsibility, for every worker subject of sanitary surveillance, a sanitary and risk file to look after with the employer with keeping the professional secret;
• supplies the workers with information on the meaning of the sanitary controls of which are subjects, in case of exposure to agents with long term effects, on the necessity to be subject of sanitary controls even after the end of the activity that involves the exposure to that agents;
• informs every interested worker of the results of the sanitary controls of which according to the request of the worker issues a copy of the sanitary documentation;
• communicates, in occasion of reunions by Article 11, to representatives for the security, the collective anonymous results of realized clinical and instrumental ascertainments and supplies indications on the significance of the mentioned results;
• together with the personal responsible of the service of prevention and protection from the risks, visits the environments of work and participates to the planning of the control of the exposure of the workers which results are provided in time at the end of the valuations and the opinions of competence;
• besides the sanitary controls of which on the second point, realizes the medical visits requested by the worker in case that such request is connected to the professional risks;
• collaborates with the employer to arrangement of the service of first aid by article 15;
• collaborates to the activity of formation and information by chapter VI.

The competent doctor is selected by the employer, who bears the responsibility, can be an employee inside the company or, how happens more often, a free professional or an employee of a public or private organization. In big part of the cases the companies do not dispose with sanitary personnel specialized to the inside of proper stuff and therefore should rely on external professional figures.

Go back to the index

a. The graduated in medicine and surgery, that for not having requirements by art. 3, paragraph 1, letter c), at the date of entering into force of the present decree have practiced the activity of doctor of industrial medicine for at least four years, are authorized to practice the function of competent doctor.

b.The practice of the function by paragraph 1 is a subject of the presentation, of regional authority of health competent territorially, of relevant request equipped with documentation proving the practice of the activity of doctor of industrial medicine for at least four years.

c. The request is presented within 180 days from the date of entering into force of the present decree. The authority of health is provided within 90 days form the date of reception of the request.

The legislative decree n 626 of 1994, called also, more simple, 626, is the first law with general character that collects community directives in subject of security on work environments and it is the foundation law on which is based the discipline of work medicine.

It is a very important law because it is occupied with the general aspects of hygiene and security of work, and modifying the norms which discipline the subject, introduces also in Italy the European Directives.

The 626 is applied in all sectors of private and public activities, (industry, handicraft, commerce, services, public administration) where operate employees, plus the trainees, the assumed on contract of formation, the partners of the business society and the cooperatives, the relative assistants from individual companies. The new instructions regard in particular:

1. the characteristics of working environments;
2. the use of video terminals;
3. the use of work equipments;
4. the use of individual equipments for production;
5. the manual movement of loads;
6. the protection from carcinogenic agents present in working environments;
7. the protection from biological agents (microbe, bacterium, viruses) present in working environments.

In compliance with the laws already into force, the new normative introduces, among the others, fundamental news: on the base of 626, the employer, should not only guarantee to the workers conditions of security and salubrity, but also has to valuate the risks present in the working environments. The results of the process of valuation should be referred to report. In this report are determinate also the opportune priority with which to actualize the measures of protection. The documents will be valid till the characteristics of workplaces (environments, machines and equipments, process of production) remain the same.

• EMPLOYER: is the owner of the relation of work, or however, the one that has the responsibility of the company or the productive unit. Inside the ISTC the Director is the one that supposes being a risk and assumes particular capacity of Employer, according to the integrations introduced from Legislative Decree 242/96 to Legislative Decree 626/94.
• WORKER: is every person that gives its own work to the dependence of an employer, or the partner worker of mutual company or of the society of fact.
• o PERSON RESPONSIBLE OF SERVICE OF PREVENTION AND PROTECTION: is the person that, being in possess of appropriate attitudes and capacity, comes nominated by the employer to perform such task. In some cases, can be the employer himself.
• o COMPETENT DOCTOR:: is a doctor, specialist in industrial medicine, nominated by the employer to perform sanitary activity towards the workers exposed to the risks in cases provided in new law.
• o REPRESENTATIVE OF THE WORKERS FOR THE SECURITY: it is a worker selected by the colleagues with the duty to be occupied with the problems of health and security.

Go back to the index

The figure of the Employee assigned for the Service of prevention and protection is introduced by Legislative Decree 626/94. The Employee assigned for the Service of Prevention and Protection is nominated by the Employer in written form; his principal tasks are to support the Employer in completion of the practices connected to the security and hygiene of workplace, to connection with the central Service of Prevention and Protection, and to the first contact with the personnel for the resolution of the problems on the place. The Director/The Employer nominates the Employee assigned for the Service of Prevention and Protection with adequate capacity among the internal personnel and guarantees his formation, in collaboration with central Service of Prevention and Protection. In case in which the Employer does not nominate an Employee assigned for the Service of Prevention and Protection, the tasks of the Employee assigned should be performed by the Employer himself.

The principal requirements for accomplishing this function are the ones indicated in Legislative Decree 23.6.2003, n. 195 (into force from 13 August 2003) and are the following:

• an educational qualification not lower than the diploma of secondary education
• certificate of attendance, with verification of learning, to specific courses of formation appropriate for the nature of the risks present on the workplaces and relative to the working activities.

• bachelor of science in the sector of the hygiene and security of work (see the article 8 of Legislative Decree 626/94)

• declaration of development of the same activity, professionally or on dependence of an employer, for at least six months from the date of entering into force of Legislative Decree 195/2003
• certificate of attendance, with verification of learning, to specific courses of formation appropriate for the nature of the risks present on the workplaces and relative to the working activities.

The principal duties of the Employees assigned for SPP are the following:

• take care for providing to the new assumed and to the transferred personnel the proper service:
  • the information for the specific risks of proper job
  • the norms of behavior in case of emergency
  • the names of the responsible persons for the emergency
• control that the employees of proper service are sent to sanitary control (if obligatory) according to the fixed expiry dates (it is convenient to keep an expiration dates log book)
• function as reference for the employees in relations with the central Service of Prevention and Protection
• bring knowledge to the colleagues of proper service, dispositions and/or new normative announced by the central Service of Prevention and Protection e
• verify that are communicated to the competent office the accidents at work, that involves a leave of at least one day and keep a statistic of the happened accidents
• supply the central Service of Prevention and Protection with the information inherent to the security and hygiene of work, finalized to survey statistics
• perform a control that the interventions of security and hygiene of work are executed
• activate a verification in order that, in case of a purchase of a new machinery it is delivered with obligatory documentation, excluding the cases in which competent offices already perform such verification
• verify that are identified by the Employer the employees authorized to use the equipments that require for its use particular knowledge and responsibility
• support the Service of Prevention and Protection in the promotion of the formative activities
• perform a periodical visual control of the cables and the electrical extension and on the placement of the cables in the channels
• activate a periodic control on the correct warehousing of materials, on the fixation of the shelves, on respecting of the maximum load of platforms and on the good conditions of the ladders
• inform the Person in charge for Service of Prevention and Protection for eventual changes of working environment and/or in the tasks of work of proper service that can affect to the security and/or the hygiene of work
• collaborate with the Person in charge for the Service of Prevention and Protection for updating of the document of valuation of the risks
• collaborate with the Person in charge for the Service of Prevention and Protection for the writing of the practices of work in security
• further to an appropriate formation valuate the risks connected to the use of equipment equipped with video terminal

Go back to the index

The principal requirements for accomplishing this function are the ones indicated in Legislative Decree 23.6.2003, n. 195 (into force from 13 August 2003) and are the following:

• an educational qualification not lower than the diploma of secondary education
• o certificate of attendance, with verification of learning, to specific courses of formation appropriate for the nature of the risks present on the workplaces and relative to the working activities and a certificate of attendance, with verification of learning, to specific courses of formation in subject of prevention and protection from risks, also of ergonomic and psycho-social nature, of organization and management of technical administrative activity and techniques of communication in company and the union relations

• bachelor of science in the sector of the hygiene and security of work (see the article 8 of Legislative Decree 626/94)

• declaration of development of the same activity, professionally or on dependence of an Employer, for at least six months from the date of entering into force of Legislative Decree 195/2003
• certificate of attendance, with verification of learning, to specific courses of formation appropriate for the nature of the risks present on the workplaces and relative to the working activities

E' UN DIRITTO del lavoratore:

• Verificare l'effettiva applicazione delle misure di prevenzione a tutela della salute, tramite il proprio rappresentante per la sicurezza;
• prendere iniziative per evitare un pericolo grave ed immediato, fino all'abbandono del posto di lavoro;
• ricevere adeguata formazione;
• ottenere adeguate informazioni sul significato e i risultati degli accertamenti sanitari. Tutte le attività di informazione, formazione e sorveglianza sanitaria sono a totale carico del datore di lavoro e devono essere svolte durante l'orario di lavoro.

E' UN DOVERE del lavoratore:

• Utilizzare correttamente, secondo le informazioni e la formazione ricevute, le macchine, le attrezzature e i materiali messi a disposizione.
• Servirsi correttamente dei mezzi di protezione individuale.
• Non manomettere i dispositivi di sicurezza montati sulle macchine e sugli impianti.
• Segnalare immediatamente al datore di lavoro o ai responsabili ogni situazione che presenti un pericolo grave per la sicurezza e la salute, nonché qualsiasi anomalia dei sistemi di protezione.
• Collaborare con il datore di lavoro e i servizi preposti per offrire un ambiente e condizioni di lavoro senza pericoli né rischi per la sicurezza e la salute.

• PRELIEVI EMATICI con trasporto del sangue in celle frigorifere;
• AUDIOMETRIA in cabine silenti;
• PROVE DI FUNZIONALITÀ RESPIRATORIE eseguite con l’utilizzo di spirometri computerizzati;
• PROVE RIFLESSOMETRICHE
• VISITE OCULISTICHE con Biomicroscopio con lampada a fessura e Autoreffrattometro computerizzato, Tonometria ecc.
• ELETTROCARDIOGRAMMA con elettrocardiografi a 3 e a 12 vie;